What is a Vitreous Hemorrhage?

The vitreous is normally a clear, jelly-like fluid that fills the inside of the eye. Various disease states can cause the vitreous to fill with blood so that light entering the eye will not reach the retina properly.

Vitreous hemorrhage, or bleeding, results in a sudden change in vision as it blocks light moving through the vitreous to the retina. This hemorrhage specifically occurs in front of the retina in the posterior section of the eye. The vitreous hemorrhage may be the result of an aneurysm of a blood vessel in the eye, trauma to the eye, a retinal tear, a retinal detachment, a new blood vessel (neo-vascularization) or as a result of another underlying disease. These diseases include diabetes, hypertension, and carotid artery disease. Diabetics are particularly susceptible because the disease triggers the growth of new blood vessels within the eye. The vessels are weak and bleed easily.

Symptoms

Someone experiencing a vitreous hemorrhage may experience one or more of the following symptoms:

• Sudden onset of blurry vision
• Light flashes
• Floaters (spots seemingly floating across the field of vision)
• Blindness

Treatment

Initial treatment may be observation alone. Minor hemorrhages often clot and resolve on their own over time. For more severe and debilitating vitreous hemorrhage, a series of intravitreal injections or vitrectomy may be performed. A vitrectomy is a surgical procedure that removes the vitreous gel and the blood from inside the eye. After the vitreous is removed, the surgeon will refill the eye with a special saline solution that closely resembles the natural vitreous fluid in the eye.